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Art + Religion
in Russia gemeentemuseum den Haag |
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Kazimir
Malevitsj, Black square, black cross, black circle, 1923
Kazimir Malevitsj, Zwart vierkant, zwart kruis, zwarte cirkel, 1923 |
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This triptych has been exhibited in the Netherlands once before, at the major Malevich retrospective (1878 -1935) held in 1989 at the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam. At that time, the dating of the work to the late 1920s was hypothetical. The current theory is that Malevich painted it with the help of a number of students in 1923. The triptych was shown in Venice in 1924 and two years later at the State Russian Museum. On the rear of the painting, Malevich inscribed not only his name, but also the date 1913, indicating that his discovery of Suprematism dated back at least to that time. In that year, Malevich worked on the sets of the Futuristic opera 'Victory over the Sun', in which man triumphs over the sun and emancipates himself from the world of objects, the illusory world of sensory perception. Behind it is nothing but a black void. The 'Black Square' symbolised the resulting emptiness or plenitude which could no longer be perceived by the senses, but only 'felt'. The chorus in the opera sang: "We are free. The sun is broken…. Long live darkness. […] Our faces are dark, Our light shines within." So the black square was an icon of the invisible reality. In addition, a new and painterly reality had been created. The 'Black Square', the first Suprematist painting, could generate new masses of weightless colour, like the black cross and the black circle. The black cross is composed of the two halves of a square superimposed on each other at right angles. The circle, which seems to move slightly to the right, could likewise have been generated by rotating the square. Malevich showed the three paintings making up the first version of the triptych in isolation at the 'Last Futurist Exhibition 0.10', held at Petrograd in 1915. In 1927 Malevich declared that "the square of the suprematists and the forms derived from that square can be compared with the symbols of primitive man […]. Suprematism does not create a new world of feelings, but is a new, direct representation of the world of feeling." Deze triptiek was
eerder in Nederland te zien op de grote overzichtstentoonstelling
van Malevitsj (1878 -1935) in 1989 in het Stedelijk Museum te
Amsterdam. Daarbij werd toen aangetekend dat de datering op het
eind van de jaren 1920 hypothetisch was. Inmiddels gaat men er
vanuit dat Malevitsj samen met een aantal studenten het drietal in
1923 geschilderd heeft. De triptiek werd in 1924 in Venetië
getoond en twee jaar later in het Russisch Staatsmuseum. |